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border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="98%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="right">当前位置：<a href="/">首页</a><span id="lblwz"> > <a href='lists.aspx?sid=3'>太极文化</a> > <a href='lists.aspx?sid=1137'>小米谈拳</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 18px"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 24px"><strong> <span id="lblTitle">小米谈松--形象比喻漫谈之五</span></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">时间：<span id="lblAddtime">2016-03-09 11:11:00</span> 来源：<span id="lblComefrom">本站原创</span> 作者：<span id="lblAutor">上海 小 米</span> 点击：<span id="lblHits">2240</span>次</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td background="/images/1-2.gif"> <img src="/images/1.gif" width="1" height="1" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="20"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="98%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td style="font-size: 18px; max-width: 670px"> <span id="lblCont"><p style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;line-height:27px;"><img src="/kindeditor/attached/image/20160309/20160309112036_7500.png" alt=""/><br/></span></span> </p><p style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;line-height:27px;">上海：小 米</span> </span> </p><p><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 太极拳最大特征是什么？柔。 <br/> 太极拳的前身就是柔拳、绵拳，柔是太极拳的内在功力的外在体现。<br/> 高层次的外家拳是外刚内柔，高层次的太极拳是内外俱柔。太极拳的柔是松的第五层次，松是柔的条件，柔是松的表现，劲是柔的内涵，刚是劲的火花。柔极至刚、柔中寓刚，刚柔相济才是太极拳和其他体操、舞蹈、瑜伽之柔的根本区别。<br/> 太极拳之柔源于松，源于前面几篇所谈的4种“松法”。松，如果脱离了点、线、面、体和气的松，就没有柔。没有柔，就没有整劲，充其量也不过是大家所谈的太极操、太极舞，或花拳绣腿，背离了太极拳之拳味，中看不中用（其他拳种另议，以免发生误会）。《十三势行功心解》有言“极柔软，然后极坚刚；能呼吸，然后能灵活。”可见，太极拳柔之重要性，没有柔就没有太极拳。<br/> 形容太极拳之柔的词汇有很多，如行云流水，春风摆柳、龙行蛇舞等等，多为比喻外形之美。纯碎的外形之美，也同样适合于太极舞。而内外俱柔，柔至无骨，柔中寓刚的柔，本人觉得老子的“上善若水”比喻最为恰当。“天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜。”是太极拳柔之养身和技击之道。拳论以此为依据描述了“舍己从人、随曲就伸、沾连黏随、阴阳相济、以弱胜强、四两千金、显非力胜”等拳理，皆源于松柔。水之般的松柔，柔中寓刚，这是太极拳和操、舞的本质区别。<br/> “抟气致柔，能婴儿乎。”归复婴儿是太极拳之柔的养身之道。婴儿之柔，上天所赋，龙骨肩胯，节节贯通，囟门开通，灵气通天，可惜后天之僵力拙力的增加，使人体关节逐渐僵化，天门关闭，经络日渐淤塞，影响健康。所以练太极拳之柔，就是要通经活络，培元固本，归复婴儿，天人合一，才有益于养身。所谓筋长一寸，延年十寿，这和瑜伽之柔异曲同工之妙。<br/> 先松后紧，由松入柔，运柔成刚，和外家的先紧后松，运刚至柔的练法不同，效果也不同。李雅轩大师称外家之柔为僵柔劲，非松柔劲。外家之柔是武练，容易伤身，多为吃青春饭，老了多改为文练，否则功力会退化和减寿。太极拳的许多名师和老师，走的多是这条路，有的醒悟太晚，疾病缠身，后悔不已，寿命不长。所以，很多人怀疑太极拳不一定能养身长寿，这是偏见，因为短寿者，并未修得太极之正果，或有功夫而未修性，未修性何以真养身，修性养身本篇不宜多谈，后篇将会逐渐深论。<br/> 太极之柔是文练，是减法，理应一开始就练松、练柔，去僵力、拙力，还先天之力，运柔成刚 。“能婴儿”“若无骨”的柔，才是正道。不少太极拳大师都是因为体弱多病，或是有不治之症而不得已练太极拳的，以求通过文练而养身治病。由于是无意练技击，而采用了正规的太极拳文练方法，不但治了病，而且得了上乘功夫。真是“有意放松，无意成刚”，成为老师、大师或宗师，最典型的就是郑曼青大师。<br/> 有很多人会问，初学者拳架不正，拳路不熟，何以放松，何以至柔，“由着熟而渐悟懂劲”。开始就练松是不现实的，是违背常理的。你说对了，太极拳是逆向思维，就是违背常理的，常理是练不出太极真功夫的，按常理练至少要走很多弯路的。杨澄甫宗师教郑曼青是这样的，郑曼青大师教弟子也是这样的。松，松，松，每天提醒一百遍也不嫌多。如果我做老师，我一定要学生先站桩一年，起势一年，运手一年，松透了才开始教拳，不松透绝不教拳。桩位高低，开步大小，量力而行，丝毫不勉强，绝不拔苗助长，急于求成，欲速则不达，错误的练法是要付代价的。学拳容易纠正难，晚松不如早松，由松入柔才是正道。条条大道通罗马，必有一条是最捷径，条条是正道是捷径，那是自欺欺人的诡辩。为什么要以拳论为总纲领，为什么要明理学拳，为什么要找名师，为什么要口授，普通弟子和入室弟子为什么有差别，就是要为了少走弯路。一层功夫一层松，松透至柔，柔及至刚，功到自然成。一年磨十剑，不如十年磨一剑，这是我本人的想法，大家可以讨论。<br/> 太极拳的柔，柔及至刚，柔而有劲才是真柔。松而不柔，柔而无劲是假柔，是丢和卸。丢卸何能御敌？与太极舞有什么差别？柔而不圆有菱角，便是断劲，断劲者何来滔滔不绝的长江之水？柔而轻灵，才能虚实转换，随曲就伸，沾连黏随；一羽不加，才能令对手如临深渊，惊恐万分，乱了分寸；蝇虫不落，才能有听劲，独知人而人不知我，获得主动权，借机得势，四两千斤，以弱胜强。<br/> 柔，柔，柔，柔若水，养身技击双丰收。<br/> 最后，我赋诗一首做总结，《太极若水水太极》，希望大家能喜欢。<br/> 由松入柔阴阳济，水到渠成柔至坚；上善若水任方圆，行云流水风摆柳；滔滔不绝长江水，滴水穿石柔克刚；太极之柔若无骨，归复婴儿养天年。<br/></span> </p></span> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="10"> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" class="title14">上一篇：<a id="preTitle" 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